Here are some selected physical ailments that may be relieved or strengthened with certain stones. There are also many spiritual and emotional aspects associated with the stones that I have not listed.
Taken from Crystal Visions by Roxayne Veasey.
AGATE
blue lace agate
neck & shoulder pain
headaches
sore throats
thyroid
anger
inflammation
infections
moss agate
blood circulation
lymph system circulation
AMBER
central nervous system
disease
glands
AMETHYST
meditation / sleep
pineal & pituitary glands
AQUAMARINE
fluid retention
thymus gland
creative expression
clarity of thought
fears and phobias
AVENTURINE
emotional stress / anxiety
muscle tissue
blood
AZURITE
psychic abilities / visualization
thyroid glands
spleen
BLOODSTONE
blood disorders
heart
spleen
bone marrow
CALCITE
white / transparent calcite
memory
eyesight
honey calcite
kidneys
gall bladder
digestive system
CARNELIAN
asthma
CELESTITE
headaches
communication
thyroid
creativity
CHRYSOCOLLA
stress
lungs
thyroid
anger, fear, & guilt
female disorders
CITRINE
tissues
intuition
EMERALD
eyestrain
immune system
nervous system
FLOURITE
stress
strokes
arthritis
hyperactivity
GARNET
bloodflow
anemia
pituitary gland
HEMATITE
spleen
stress
JADITE
heart
kidneys
immune system
KUNZITE
"broken heart"
depression
self-esteem
cardiovascular system
LAPIS LAZULI
skeletal system
thyroid
fertility / vitality
MALACHITE
illnesses
pancreas
spleen
circulatory system
pituitary gland
pineal gland
sleep disorders
MOLDAVITE
brain / central nervous system
comas
MOONSTONE
lymphatic system
anxiety / stress
female problems
birthing process
stomach
spleen
pancreas
pituitary gland
OBSIDIAN
black obsidian
intestinal / digestive system
PERIDOT
adrenal glands
heart
pancreas
liver
spleen
environmental stress
PYRITE
digestion / elimination
QUARTZ
rose quartz
kidneys
fertility
sexual imbalances
rutilated quartz
regeneration
aging
immune system
depression
smoky quartz
adrenal glands
depression
RUBY
energy
stability
immunity
SAPPHIRE
digestive system
SELENITE
nervous system
SODOLITE
endrocrine system
lymphatic system
TIGER'S EYE
spleen
pancreas
digestive system
colon
TOPAZ
digestive system
tissue regeneration
liver
gall bladder
spleen
arthritis & rheumatism
depression, anger, & fear
TOURMALINE
blue tourmaline
anger & frustration
sadness
sore throats
thyroid gland
green tourmaline
endocrine system
depression
TURQUOISE
strengthens body
nervous system vitality